Surgical Connection Apparatus and Methods

ABSTRACT

Surgical connection apparatus comprises a support having a proximal portion with a distal end and a proximal portion. The support forms a pathway between the proximal and distal portions. A plurality of self-closing clips are slidably disposed in the pathway and a pusher is arranged to slidably move in the pathway and push the clips in a distal direction. The apparatus facilitates partial ejection of a clip after which the remainder of the clip is withdrawn therefrom. In one embodiment, the support comprises a tubular needle with the distal end being pointed. The needle can be used to penetrate the tissue or material to be joined and to manipulate or approximate tissue or material to he joined before the clip is partially ejected.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to apparatus and methods for joining structures in surgical procedures such as in laparoscopic procedures.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Suturing tissue laparoscopically has always been challenging. Over the past fifteen years or so, there have been many devices developed and marketed to solve this problem, Linear staplers have been the most successful of these devices, but they have limitations. One of the limitations of stapling devices is that one can only place the staples in a pre-determined, confined, straight row. Other stitching type or needle-passing type devices also have been marketed with limited acceptance. Needle management is one concern with these devices. Needle manipulation and knot tying difficulties in confined spaces also have presented concerns. Surgical fasteners or clips, which address suture knot tying problems, are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,607,541 to Gardiner, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,514,265 to Ho, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,059 to Schaller, et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 6,641,593 to Schaller, et al. There remains a need to improve apparatus and methods for joining structures in surgical procedures.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention involves improvements in surgical connection apparatus and methods. Among the many advantages of the invention is it can be used to readily deliver surgical clips to a surgical site to connect tissue and can eliminate or minimize the need for suturing.

According to one embodiment of the invention, surgical connection apparatus comprises a tubular needle having a proximal portion and a distal portion with a pointed distal end, the tubular needle forming a pathway between the proximal and distal portions; a plurality of self-closing clips, each clip being slidably disposed in the pathway; and a pusher having at least a portion arranged to slidably move in the pathway and push the clips in a distal direction.

According to another embodiment of the invention, surgical connection apparatus comprises a support having a distal portion having a distal end and a proximal portion, the support forming a pathway between the proximal and distal portions; a plurality of self-closing clips, each clip being slidably disposed in the pathway; a pusher having at least a portion arranged to slidably move in the pathway and push the clips in a distal direction; and a stop member extending from said distal portion of the support at a location spaced from the distal end of the support and along the pathway a distance sufficient to allow gathering on the distal portion of the support material to be joined.

According to another embodiment of the invention, surgical connection apparatus comprises a support having a distal portion having a distal end and a proximal portion, the support forming a pathway between the proximal and distal portions; a plurality of self-closing clips, each clip being slidably disposed in the pathway; a pusher having at least a portion arranged to slidably move in the pathway and push the clips in a distal direction; and a stop member extending from the distal portion of the support at a location measured from the distal end of the support and along the pathway a distance less than the length of one of the self-closing clips.

According to another embodiment of the invention, surgical connection apparatus comprises a support having a distal portion having a distal end and a proximal portion, the support forming a pathway between the proximal and distal portions; a plurality of self-closing clips, each clip being slidably disposed in the pathway; and a pusher having at least a portion arranged to slidably move in the pathway and push the clips in a distal direction, the pusher having a first state where it is releasably locked in a first position in the support with one of the clips being in the distal portion of the support and a second state where it is releasably locked in a second position in the support with the one of the clips being partially ejected from the support.

According to another embodiment of the invention, surgical connection apparatus comprising a tubular clip support having a distal portion having a distal end and a proximal portion, the support forming a pathway between the proximal and distal portions, the support having a slot formed therein; a plurality of self-closing clips, each clip being slidably disposed in the pathway; a tubular sleeve surrounding at least a portion of the tubular clip support and having a slot aligned with the slot in the tubular clip support; and a pusher having at least a portion arranged to slidably move in the pathway and push the clips in a distal direction, the pusher extending through the slots.

According to another embodiment, a method of connecting tissue comprises penetrating a self-closing clip support through first and second portions of material wherein at least one of the portions comprises tissue; extending a portion of a self-closing clip from the clip support; and simultaneously withdrawing the clip support from said material and allowing the self-closing clip to be discharged therefrom.

According to another embodiment, a method of connecting tissue comprises penetrating a self-closing clip support through first and second portions of material wherein at least one of the portions comprises tissue; extending a portion of a self-closing clip, having a memory set closed configuration, from the clip support and allowing the extended portion to move toward its memory set closed configuration; withdrawing the clip support from the material and allowing the self-closing clip to be completely withdrawn from the support and move toward its closed configuration.

The above is a brief description of some deficiencies in the prior art and advantages of the present invention. Other features, advantages, and embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description, accompanying drawings, wherein, for purposes of illustration only, specific forms of the invention are set forth in detail.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a tissue connecting device in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 1B illustrates a surgical clip released from the device of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 1C is a sectional view taken along line 1C-1C in FIG. 1A;

FIG. 2A is a longitudinal sectional view of the device of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 2B depicts a variation of the device illustrated in FIG. 2A;

FIGS. 3A-D illustrate an exemplary use of the device of FIG. 1A where FIG. 3A shows the device positioned in tissue, FIG. 3B depicts partial ejection of a clip from the device of FIG. 3A, FIG. 3C illustrates withdrawal of the device and withdrawal of the clip therefrom, and FIG. 3D illustrates the clip fully released and in a closed configuration.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Before the present invention is described, it is to be understood that this invention is not intended to be limited to particular embodiments or examples described, as such may, of course, vary. Further, when referring to the drawings, like numerals indicate like elements.

The devices, apparatus, and methods described herein generally can be used to surgically connect structures in a patient. They can be used to connect tissue, tissue and prosthetic material, or tissue and graft material. They can be used in endoscopic procedures such as laparoscopic procedures involving connection of tissue within the peritoneal cavity. One example of such procedures is a gastrointestinal bypass procedure. They can be used to connect nontubular or tubular structures. For example, the devices and apparatus described herein can be used to anastomose tubular structures or conduits. The tubular structures can be vascular or nonvascular structures, which can include, but are not limited to, the bile duct, urethra, urinary bladder, intestines, esophagus, stomach, and bowel.

In various embodiments described herein, surgical clips are delivered with a clip support or carrier, which among other things can be used to facilitate approximation of the tissue or material to be joined in addition to carrying the clips.

Referring to FIGS. 1A and B, one embodiment of surgical connection apparatus in accordance with the principles of the present invention is illustrated and generally designated with reference numeral 100. Surgical connection apparatus or device 100 generally includes outer housing or support 102 and clip support or carrier 104. Clip support 104 forms a pathway for a plurality of clips, e.g., clips 200, to be partially ejected and then withdrawn therefrom. Outer housing or support 102 and clip support 104 can be in the form of tubular members and clip support 104 can be a hypo-needle. Among the many advantages of clip support 104 is it can be sized and/or configured for insertion through endoscopic access ports. Clip support 104 also can be advantageously sized and/or configured to penetrate the tissue or material to be joined. One of the many advantages of this configuration is that the clip support can be used to penetrate the tissue or material to be joined instead of using the clip carried thereby, which can eliminate the need for introducing a clip with a sharp end and leaving such a clip at the surgical site.

An actuator or pusher for discharging clips is provided. One example of an actuator or pusher according to the present invention is illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 2A and is generally designated with reference numeral 110. Referring to FIGS. 1A and 2A, actuator 110 moves along slots 106 and 108. Slot 106 is formed in outer housing 102 and extends in a longitudinal direction between the proximal and distal ends thereof Slot 108 (FIG. 2A) is formed in support 104, extends between the proximal and distal ends thereof, and is aligned with slot 106. Actuator or ejector 110 forms a clip pusher and includes first portion 112, second portion 114, and connecting portion 116. First portion 112 slides or tracks along slot 106 and can be in the form of a button. Second portion 114 tracks inside clip support 104 and forms a pusher rod or member for pushing clips 200 out from apparatus 100. That is, second portion 114 is slidably disposed in the pathway or lumen defined by clip support 104. Second portion 114 can be an elongated member and can be flexible so that it can readily move inside the curved distal end portion 120 of clip support 104. Connecting portion 116 interconnects portions 112 and 114. Although one actuator or ejector configuration is shown, other configurations can be used. According to one variation, the actuator can comprise a pusher rod disposed in the clip support pathway or lumen with its distal end arranged to push clips distally and its proximal end extending proximally and axially from the proximal end of clip support 104 and housing 102.

Clip support 104 can be shaped so that it can be inserted into the material or tissue with a single motion of the wrist and then withdrawn with a single motion of the wrist, In the illustrative embodiment, clip support 104 has a straight portion 118, shown inside housing 102 in FIG. 2A, and a curved distal end portion 120. The curved portion can improve or simplify manipulation of the distal end portion through materials to be joined as described above and shown in FIGS. 3A-D. Clip support 104 or distal end portion 120 also can have a beveled or sharpened end portion 122 which presents a surface that faces inwardly and which forms a pointed tip as shown in FIG. 2A. This can enhance the ability of the clip support to penetrate tissue or material to be joined.

Apparatus 100 can be provided with a mechanism to indicate clip position. This mechanism can be used to control the degree or extent of ejection of a respective clip. According to one embodiment, a stopper 124, which can be in the form of a disk, for example, can he secured to the distal portion of clip support 104 to control the degree of penetration of clip support 104. In the illustrative embodiment, the stopper extends from the distal portion of the clip support at a location spaced from the distal end of the clip support and along the clip pathway a distance less than the length of one of the self-closing clips. Preferably this distance will be about one-half the length of one clip and thus ranges from about ⅛ to about 1 inch depending on the application. For example, in laparoscopic procedures for connecting bowel tissue to bowel tissue, this distance will be about ¼ inch (the clip length being about ½ inch). The following is provided to illustrate how the stopper position can facilitate partial clip ejection control or calibration. Specifically, after at least a portion of the clip support forward of the stopper is positioned in the material to be joined, actuator 110 can be moved to partially eject a clip to a position where its distal end is adjacent to the stopper (FIG. 3B). The ejected portion of the clip, which in the illustrative embodiment is about one-half of the clip, moves toward a closed position and forms a hook to grip the material to be joined. With the distal end of the clip adjacent to the stopper, the remaining portion of the clip, which in the illustrative example, is about half of the clip, is then withdrawn from device 100 as device 100 is removed from the attachment site. Accordingly, one of the many advantages of the stopper arrangement is that the relative position of the ejected distal end of a clip and the stopper can be used to indicate the extent of clip ejection and/or to control clip position.

According to a further embodiment, apparatus 100 can be provided with an alternative or additional mechanism to indicate clip position. This mechanism indicates the position of actuator 110 to facilitate control of the degree or extent of ejection of a respective clip. The pusher can have a first state where it is releasably locked in a first position in support 104 with the distal most clip being within the support and a second state where it is releasably locked in a second position in support 104 with the distal most clip being partially ejected from the support. One example of such a mechanism is shown is shown in FIGS. 1A and C.

Referring to FIGS. 1A and C, the alternative or additional mechanism for indicating clip position comprises a plurality of recesses or depressions 101 formed in outer housing 102, a bore 111 a formed in the actuator first portion 112 and a button and spring combination 111 b, which is seated in bore 111 a. The button can have a spherical shape or other suitable shape as is known in the art. The spring urges the button or post to lockingly engage a respective recess 101, but permits disengagement when sufficient force is applied to actuator 110. Recesses are positioned to facilitate the desired degree of ejection of each clip. For example, if in the initially fully loaded state, the distal most clip is positioned at the distal end of clip support 104 and about one-half of a respective clip 200 is to be ejected, the proximal most recess 101 and recess 101 adjacent thereto can be spaced apart a distance corresponding to about one-half the length of a clip 200 so that movement of actuator 110 from the proximal most recess 101 to the next extends about one-half of the distal most clip out from clip support 104. Since the partially extended clip is then withdrawn from apparatus 100 as described in more detail below, the next clip up for partial ejection will remain spaced from the distal end of clip support 104 by about one-half the length of a clip. Its distal end will be close to where the proximal end of the first partially ejected clip was before the first partially ejected clip was withdrawn and fully removed from apparatus 100. Accordingly, the remaining distance between recesses 101 can correspond to the full length of a clip so that movement of the actuator from one recess 101 to the next recess 101 partially ejects a clip with about one-half the length of the clip extending from clip support 104 and being exposed.

Although one detent mechanism has been described for purposes of illustration, other detent configurations can be used as well as other ejection indicators or control mechanisms. For example, a spring loaded button can be seated in each of the recesses 101 and bore 111 a left empty for engagement therewith. According to a further example, indicia can be provided to indicate a predetermined degree of clip ejection when actuator 110 is aligned therewith. Referring to FIG. 2A, exemplary indicia are shown and indicated with reference numeral 103. The outer distal edge of actuator 110 can be aligned with a respective marking 103 to indicate the degree of clip ejection. The clip position indicators described above can be used alone or in any combination thereof. For example, stopper 124 can be used in combination with the illustrative detent arrangement as shown in FIGS. 1A and C.

Further, although clip support 104 is shown with one configuration, others can be used. For example, the distal end portion of clip support 104 can be provided with a corkscrew shape with either a straight or curved center axis. The corkscrew portion can have a one-half or three-quarter turn, for example. When a corkscrew shape and straight center axis is used as shown in FIG. 2B, one can simply rotate outer housing or shaft 102 so that the clip is withdrawn from clip support 104 as the corkscrew shaped distal portion is withdrawn from the materials being joined. Referring to FIG. 2B, the corkscrew variation of the clip support is designated with reference numeral 104′. Other than the corkscrew configuration at the distal portion of clip support 104′ and the hypo-needle straight portion extending a small distance beyond stopper 124, clip support 104′ as shown in FIG. 2B is the same as clip support 104.

As described above, clips 200 can be disposed inside clip support 104 as shown in FIG. 2A. The clips are aligned serially and, thus, can be ejected or applied consecutively without the need to withdraw the device or clip support 104 from the endoscopic or access port to reload. The number of clips which can be housed in clip support 104 is a function of clip size and the length of the clip support. Clip support or hypo-needle 104 constrains the clips in an open position and provides a means of tissue penetration. In operation, clip support 104 is penetrated through the target material. It can have a pointed or sharpened distal end as described above to enhance its ability to readily penetrate tissue or material to be joined. As will described in more detail below, each clip is partially ejected from the device via actuator 110 after which device 100 is withdrawn, thus allowing closure of the clip. Using the clip support to penetrate tissue can eliminate the need to penetrate tissue with the clip and the need to use a clip having one or more sharp ends. Accordingly, clips 200 can have two non-pointed or rounded ends. Although ball shaped or spherically shaped ends are shown in the illustrative embodiment, other shapes providing non-pointed ends can be used as well.

Returning to FIG. 1B, one suitable clip configuration is shown. In the illustrative embodiment, surgical clip 200 includes ball shaped proximal and distal ends and a loop shaped memory set shape or configuration. Although clip 200 is shown with an overlapping loop closed configuration, it can be non-overlapping or otherwise shaped differently than that shown when in its memory set closed shape. Clips 200 are self-closing clips in that they return toward their memory set configuration after being released from a deformed configuration.

Self-closing clips 200 can be made from nitinol wire and provided with the desired memory set configuration to exhibit pseudoelastic (supereastic) behavior. In other words, at least a portion of the shape memory alloy is converted from its austenitic phase to its martensitic phase when the wire is in its deformed configuration. As the stress is removed, the material undergoes a martensitic to austenitic conversion and springs back to its original undeformed configuration.

The shape memory alloy can be selected with a transformation temperature suitable for use with a stopped heart condition where cold cardioplegia has been injected for temporary paralysis of the heart tissue (e.g., temperatures as low as 8-10 degrees Celsius).

The cross-sectional diameter of the wire and length of the wire will vary depending on the specific application. The diameter of the wire may be, for example, between 0.004 and 0.025 inch and the diameter of the wire loop may range from about 0.020 to about 0.500 inch. The wire may be formed in a loop shape by first wrapping the wire onto a mandrel and heat treating the wire at approximately 400-500 degrees Celsius for approximately 5 to 30 minutes. The wire is then air quenched at room temperature.

It is to be understood that the shape memory alloy may also be heat activated, or a combination of heat activation and pseudoelastic properties may be used as is well known by those skilled in the art.

Clip support 104 can be formed from a hypo-needle, which can be made from a piece of surgical grade stainless steel tubing, one end of which can be beveled and sharpened. Beveled and sharpened hypo-needles are common in the industry. One end portion of the hypo-needle can be shaped to have a curvature as described above. The outer housing 102 forms a shaft or handle for clip support 104 and can be machined metal, injection-molded plastic, or extruded plastic. Housing 102 also can be formed as a single unitary structure or a combination of joined parts.

The following describes an exemplary use of apparatus 100 and is not intended to limit the invention. This example is illustrative of connecting tissue to tissue within the peritoneal cavity. It should be understood that the device can be used to connect other tissue or materials as described above.

In accordance with the example, a distal end portion of clip support 104 of apparatus 100 is inserted through a laparascopic port where the distal end of clip support or hypo-needle 104 is manipulated to penetrate or pierce a first portion “A” of target tissue and then to penetrate or pierce another portion “B” of the same or different target tissue, which prior to the procedure may be spaced from one another. Penetration through portions A and B can be accomplished with a single twist or motion of the wrist. Observation can be accomplished through placement of an endoscopic camera in another port as is known in the art. The clip support or hypo-needle 104 is positioned so that it completely penetrates through both portions of tissue and the stopper is in contact with the first portion as shown in FIG. 3A. In this position only the sharp tip of the hypo-needle should be visibly protruding from the second portion of tissue of tissue (FIG. 3A). Clip support 104 can effect or facilitate tissue approximation as it is passed through both tissue portions and manipulated. Stopper 124 also can be positioned to facilitate tissue manipulation and/or approximation as it can be used to push one tissue portion against the other. Accordingly, stopper 124 can be positioned so that it extends from the distal portion of clip support 104 at a location spaced from the distal end of clip support 124 and along the clip pathway defined by the support (e.g., the clip support lumen when a tubular support is used) a distance sufficient to allow gathering on the clip support material to be joined. The distance typically will range from about ⅛ inch to about 1 inch depending on the application.

Referring to FIG. 3B, actuator 110 is moved distally or forward so that a distal end portion of the distal most clip in the hypo-needle is extended therefrom and its distal end just covers the seam between the two portions of tissue (FIG. 3B). In this example, the distal end of the clip is adjacent to stopper 124 indicating that about one-half the clip has been ejected. Apparatus 100 can alternatively or in addition include a further mechanism to indicate the position of a respective clip (e.g., partial ejection such as ejection of one-half of the clip) as described above in connection with FIGS. 1A and C.

The hypo-needle is then withdrawn from the tissue in the opposite direction from its entry as shown in FIG. 3C, The surgeon can accomplish this with a slight twist or single motion of the wrist or a slight reverse-pall motion. As the hypo needle is withdrawn, the proximal portion of the clip, which was held inside the hypo-needle by friction, is withdrawn and remains in the tissue. After the clip is fully withdrawn from the hypo-needle, it moves toward its shape memory set closed configuration (FIG. 3D) and holds the tissue together. Clip support 104 of apparatus 100, which was loaded with a plurality of clips 200, can then be manipulated to reposition the clip support along the tissue portions or seam to deploy another clip. This can be done without removing the distal end of clip support 104 from the endoscopic port. After the procedure is completed, the clip support or hypo-needle is retracted. The foregoing procedure involves or uses a single needle, hypo-needle 104, and thus can eliminate or minimize needle management concerns.

Any feature or combination of features of any one embodiment described herein can be combined with any other feature or combination of features of one or more of the other embodiments.

Variations and modifications of the devices and methods disclosed herein will be readily apparent to persons skilled in the art. As such, it should be understood that the foregoing detailed description and the accompanying illustrations, are made for purposes of clarity and understanding, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims appended hereto. 

1-72. (canceled)
 73. A method of connecting tissue comprising: penetrating a self-closing clip support through first and second portions of material wherein at least one of said portions comprises tissue; extending a portion of a self-closing clip from said clip support; and simultaneously withdrawing said clip support from said material and allowing said self-closing clip to be discharged therefrom.
 74. A method of connecting tissue comprising: penetrating a self-closing clip support through first and second portions of material wherein at least one of said portions comprises tissue; extending a portion of a self-closing clip, having a memory set closed configuration, from said clip support and allowing the extended portion to move toward its memory set closed configuration; withdrawing said clip support from said material and allowing said self-closing clip to be completely withdrawn from said support and move toward its closed configuration. 